Offtake Agreement

Discover how offtake agreements work and why they help energy, mining, and infrastructure projects become financeable.

What is Commercial Operation Date (COD): The one date that can make—or break—an energy project

Witty Commercial Operation Date (COD) featured image showing a smiling calendar at a renewable energy project site with construction, solar panels, wind turbines, and financial growth.

Commercial Operation Date (COD) is the moment an energy project stops being a construction story and starts becoming a business. But behind that innocent-looking date sit performance tests, grid approvals, PPAs, lenders, penalties, warranties, and millions of dollars. Here’s what COD really means—and why the entire project team obsesses over it.

What is a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA)? The strange little contract behind big energy projects

Illustration of a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) connecting solar and wind energy projects with an electricity buyer through a glowing contract bridge.

A power purchase agreement, or PPA, is one of the most important contracts in modern energy — and one of the least understood. It is how solar farms get financed, how companies lock in electricity prices, and how power gets sold before it is even generated. Here is what a PPA is, how it works, and why it matters more than most people realize.