Bratislav Dzombic

Bratislav Dzombic

What is CBAM? The carbon border rule quietly rewriting European trade

Digital illustration of CBAM at the EU border, with trucks and a cargo ship emitting smoke while imports are scanned for carbon emissions before entering the European market.

CBAM is no longer some Brussels acronym floating above the real economy. Since January 1, 2026, the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism has moved into its definitive phase, putting carbon costs on certain imports and changing the math for exporters, industrial buyers, and electricity traders alike. Here’s what CBAM is, why it exists, how it works, and why the Western Balkans should be paying very close attention.

Energy deregulation: Breaking free

A waiter in a worn uniform presents a single-item menu labeled “Boredom Stew” to a well-dressed couple in a dull, outdated restaurant, symbolizing lack of choice before energy deregulation.

Energy deregulation blew the doors off the old monopoly model, turning a rigid system into a competitive arena where renewables, innovation, and consumer choice thrive. But with big gains come big controversies—and the debate is far from settled.